About
Khamenei

In the constitutional framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader occupies the highest position of authority, above the elected President and Parliament. This arrangement derives from the doctrine of Velayat-e Faqih — guardianship of the Islamic jurist — a theological-political concept developed and institutionalized by Ayatollah Khomeini following the 1979 revolution.

The doctrine holds that in the absence of the Twelfth Imam, who Shia Muslims believe went into occultation in the 9th century, a senior Islamic jurist may assume guardianship over the Muslim community. This jurist is expected to possess both deep religious knowledge and the qualities necessary for political leadership.

Under Iran's constitution, the Supreme Leader appoints the heads of the judiciary, controls the armed forces, and holds authority over key state institutions. The Assembly of Experts — a body of senior clerics elected by the public — is constitutionally responsible for selecting and supervising the Supreme Leader, though in practice this relationship has developed complex dynamics over time.

Khamenei was elevated to this position in 1989, following the death of Khomeini. His appointment marked a significant moment because his religious credentials were considered less extensive than those traditionally associated with the highest clerical ranks — a factor that influenced ongoing debates within Iran's religious scholarly community throughout his tenure.